Related research

Work we build on, by people who got here first

Our questions are not new. Indonesian legal researchers, digital rights organisations, and press freedom groups have been documenting the law governing online speech and its effects for years, and their work is the context in which ours makes sense. This page names it. Nothing listed here is our work, and we claim no association with any organisation below.

Descriptions are our own brief summaries, written to explain the relationship to our research. They are not statements by the organisations named. We link to their own sites so that readers can judge their work directly rather than through our paraphrase.

Indonesian legal and digital rights research

Legal and policy research · Indonesia

Pusat Studi Hukum dan Kebijakan Indonesia (PSHK)

A legal and policy research organisation working on law reform and the quality of legislation in Indonesia, including a body of published research on how laws are made and how they operate in practice.

Relationship to our work: PSHK's research addresses the law as drafted and reformed. Ours addresses one narrow question about the same law as applied — what happens when provisions are invoked to demand removal of online material. Their analysis is the doctrinal context our counting sits inside.

Digital rights documentation · Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia Freedom of Expression Network (SAFEnet)

A digital rights organisation documenting threats to online expression across Southeast Asia, including case documentation and advocacy concerning the criminalisation of online speech in Indonesia.

Relationship to our work: SAFEnet documents cases, often at the level of the individual affected and often where prosecution rather than removal is the instrument. Our corpus captures a different slice — demands recorded by the platforms that received them, many of which never become a public case. The two views are complementary, and neither is complete alone.

Human rights research and advocacy · Indonesia

Lembaga Studi dan Advokasi Masyarakat (ELSAM)

A human rights research and advocacy organisation whose work includes digital rights, data protection, and the human rights implications of Indonesian information and technology regulation.

Relationship to our work: ELSAM's policy analysis frames why patterns in removal demands matter in rights terms. We aim to supply measurements that such analysis can cite.

Press freedom · Indonesia

Aliansi Jurnalis Independen (AJI)

An independent journalists' association documenting and responding to pressures on the press in Indonesia, including legal pressure connected with online publication.

Relationship to our work: our third planned study concerns demands touching journalism. Any credible account of that subset has to be read against the record kept by journalists' own organisations, not in isolation from it.

Archives and datasets we draw on

Primary source · Berkman Klein Center, Harvard University

The Lumen Database

An independent research project collecting and analysing legal complaints and requests for removal of online material, operated by the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University. Lumen makes notices submitted by recipients available for research, with personal information redacted.

Relationship to our work: Lumen is our principal source of primary records. Our use of its API is governed by its API Terms of Use, and the required notice appears in the footer of every page here.

Secondary source · Platform operators

Platform transparency reports

The periodic reports published by large platforms describing government requests they received and the action they took, typically aggregated by country and period.

Relationship to our work: these reports give totals without the underlying documents; notice archives give documents without complete totals. Read against each other, the gap between them is a measurement of how much of the picture is missing, which is one of the things we intend to report.

Secondary source · Indonesian authorities

Public statements, regulations, and filings

Regulations, official announcements, and published figures issued by Indonesian ministries, agencies, and courts concerning online content and its removal.

Relationship to our work: these establish the legal instruments available and, occasionally, official counts that can be compared with the notice record.

We have no affiliation with, and no endorsement from, any organisation or project named on this page.

How we use these sources Our data commitments